申請文書需要多詳細的文獻參考資訊？

提交 statement of purpose 或 research proposal 的時候，如果想要提到別人的研究，但是由於有字數限制，又不希望寫很詳細的引用文獻資訊，內文中可以只提author name + paper title或是 author name + journal name，或是說明「這是誰發表的跟什麼題目有關的論文」，可以不用寫完整的出版社、期刊號、頁碼等等詳細的資訊。
 
寫法比照新聞文章或比較專業的文章的寫法，預期讀者是是有一定教育程度的讀者，但是文章還不到正式的學術論文的等級。
 
www.theguardian.com/society/2023/sep/05/cancer-cases-in-under-50s-worldwide-up-nearly-80-in-three-decades-study-finds

Guardian 的這一篇文章是一篇跟科學研究有關的新聞文章。文章說明科學家發現了什麼，有引用他們的研究。

注意看我我標綠色的地方。

Experts are still in the early stages of understanding the reasons behind the rise in cases. The authors of the study, published in BMJ Oncology, say poor diets, alcohol and tobacco use, physical inactivity and obesity are likely to be among the factors.

上面這一段有提到研究是發表於 BMJ Oncology 期刊。


“Since 1990, the incidence and deaths of early onset cancers have substantially increased globally,” the report says. “Encouraging a healthy lifestyle, including a healthy diet, the restriction of tobacco and alcohol consumption and appropriate outdoor activity, could reduce the burden of early onset cancer.”


 上面這一段引用論文的一小塊，擺在引號之中。

作者名稱沒有直接寫出來，只寫 the authors of the study，但是有寫研究發表的地方。

Previous studies have suggested that the incidence of cancer in adults under the age of 50 has been rising in various parts of the world over the last few decades. The latest study, led by the University of Edinburgh in Scotland and Zhejiang University School of Medicine in Hangzhou, China, was the first of its kind to examine the issue on a global scale and the risk factors for younger adults.

文章繼續往下看，才有提到研究是誰做的，通常會說研究員的名字或研究團隊的名稱，以及機構名稱。Guardian 這一篇文章是提到學校（研究團隊）名稱。

Dr Claire Knight, a senior health information manager at Cancer Research UK, which was not involved in the study, said it was not yet clear what was driving the trend and urged caution.

上面這一塊提到另一位學者對這個研究的評價，說明這一位學者的背景，提到她的研究機構以及職位。


“However alarming this might seem, cancer is primarily a disease of older age, with the majority of new cancer cases worldwide being diagnosed in those aged 50 and above,” she said. “We need more research to examine the causes of early onset cancer for specific cancer types, like our BCAN-RAY study that is looking at new ways to identify younger women at higher risk of breast cancer.

上面這一塊引用評價的學者 Claire Knight 說的話。

注意到 Guardian 文章最後並沒有文獻參考，文章之中也沒有 (Knight, 2014) 這一類的出版資訊，所有研究背景資訊都是嵌在文章之中。

留學申請文書可以比照辦理。