如何寫出符合Fiona老師要求的summary
通常寫summaries要「用自己的話說」,不然算是plagiarizing。但是我希望學生用「模仿」的方式,而不是「用自己的話說」的方式來寫summary作業。 之後如果有交summary作業給其它老師或教授,注意要用自己的話說。但是寫我的summary作業時,請依照我的方法寫summary。 會這樣要求的原因是因為我大部份的學生的英文寫作能力還不夠純熟,用自己的話說往往是「先用中文想一次,再翻譯成英文」,很容易出現中式英文的狀況。 基於我自己學習英文寫作,以及我教英文寫作的經驗,比較好的方式是用模仿的方式。找一篇優秀的英文文章,人家用什麼字,什麼詞,什麼名詞跟什麼動詞搭配,什麼動詞又跟什麼介系詞搭配,直接用模仿的方式來學習。 英文文章中的句子就是你的「標準答案」。你寫出來的英文句子應該跟標準答案至少有七成是一樣的。我的工作就是幫你抓出你自己看不出來的錯誤,以及三成你用自己的話說可能會出狀況的地方。我的另一個工作是回答你在寫作中遇到的問題,不了解原文章的句型、意思,為什麼你的改寫有問題,可以在註解的地方提出來。 這樣的練習方式,可以訓練你自修英文寫作的能力。 上過幾次我的課程之後,把英文句型、文法、英文字跟字如何搭配、如何找答案等等學會了之後,之後就不需要篇篇都需要有老師幫你改。英文文章就是你的老師。 我希望把學生訓練到可以不需要我,可以單獨作業,自己練習。這才是長遠學習英文寫作的方式。 我這樣訓練學生,可以避免自創英文講法,然後我在修改的時候得要一一解釋為什麼你寫的不可以 (大部份答案都是,因為英文就是不能這樣講)。 等到你的寫作能力比較強的時候,我們再改成用自己的話說的summary寫法。 寫summary的步驟:
以下我提供兩個範例,說明我希望你的summary長怎樣。Notes是在閱讀文章的時候做的筆記,注意一句話最多可以寫五個字的筆記,筆記一行通常是原文章一句話。所謂英文「一句話」是「一個主要子句」,用句點或問號結束的一塊。 寫notes的目的是提醒你每一句應該講什麼,才不會變成像是在背國文課本那樣,整篇文章背下來。 可以跟原文比較一下,會發現學生寫的summary跟原文有七成以上是一樣的。 https://www.economist.com/open-future/2018/07/06/i-am-neither-trans-nor-a-woman-can-i-write-about-the-issues-they-face Notes: aspects, debate, transgender rights, others politicians, bring reason, civility, unbalanced saddest, not nasty to him dozen articles, gender debate common theme, changes, law, excluded articles, shared, no one, threatened abuse, routine, comment, transgender issues other people, women Summary: There are many aspects of the debate about transgender rights, and how these rights interact with the rights of others. On top of that, many politicians are unwilling to try to bring reason and civility to this unbalanced conversation. The author thinks that the saddest thing is that people are not nasty to him. The author has written a dozen articles about the gender debate. The common theme is that women who ask questions about changes in law and custom on gender issues are excluded from political debate. The articles that the author has written have been shared several hundred thousand times but no one has threatened him. However, such abuse is routine for others who comment about transgender issues. These other people are women. https://theconversation.com/why-is-it-fun-to-be-frightened-101055 Notes: John Carpenter, Halloween, 40th anniversary iconic, few, achieved, same status film, kicked off, stream, slasher flicks audiences, witness, murder, masked man X justice, victims, X rebalancing spend time, money, reminders, unfair Summary: John Carpenter’s horror film “Halloween” celebrates its 40th anniversary this year. This is an iconic film, and few other horror movies have achieved the same status. This film kicked off the steady stream of slasher flicks that followed. Audiences went to theaters to witness the random murder and mayhem a masked man brought to a small town. The film does not offer justice for the victims, and there is no rebalancing of good and evil. Why would anyone want to spend time and money to watch such horrible scenes with reminders of how unfair our world can be?
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