Fiona的新聞英語：美國歷史上共七次禁止特定族群入境

Fiona的新聞英語

美國歷史上共七次禁止特定族群入境。

川普最近禁止回教為主的七個國家國民入境，這不是美國第一次專挑一個族群禁止入境。

每一次禁止特定族群入境，都跟當時的政治恐慌有直接的關係。第一條就跟我們息息相關，因為第一次發生這種事，就是禁止華人入境。

第一次是1882年，禁止華人入境。

This changed in 1943 ...  which allowed some Chinese immigration and for some Chinese already residing in the country to become naturalised citizens, but which maintained the ban on property and business ownership. This came at a time when China was a US ally during World War II.

一直到1943，因為二次大戰的關係，才讓已經在美的華人自然化成為美國人。

第二次是世界大戰期間，禁止猶太人入境。

猶太人被納粹屠殺的時候，美國沒有伸出援手，反而擔心納粹間諜混在其中，全部禁止入境。

As millions of people became refugees during World War II, US President Franklin D Roosevelt argued that refugees posed a serious threat to the country's national security. Drawing on fears that Nazi spies could be hiding among them, the country limited the number of German Jews who could be admitted to 26,000 annually. And it is estimated that for most of the Hitler era, less than 25 percent of that quota was actually filled.

這一次川普特別禁止敘利亞難民入境，跟二戰禁止猶太人入境的狀況最像。兩者都是全世界當時最慘的一群人。二戰時的理由是，可能會有納粹奸細。這一次則是擔心難民中混有恐怖份子。

第三次是1903年，禁止無政府主義者入境。

不過「無政府主義者」範圍還真廣，包含those with epilepsy, beggars and importers of prostitutes。

第四次是1950年，禁止共產黨員入境。

http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2017/01/times-banned-immigrants-170128183528941.html

The [Act] of 1950 ... made it possible to deport any immigrants believed to be members of the Communist Party. Members of communist organisations, which were required to register, were also not allowed to become citizens.

Truman opposed the law, stating that it "would make a mockery of our Bill of Rights".

Sections of the act were ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 1993. But some parts of the act still stand.

第五次是1980年，禁止伊朗人入境。

第六次是1987年，禁止有HIV的人入境。

每一次都會爭論這樣的做法是否違反美國的Bill of Rights，甚至違反美國憲法。